Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circadian fluctuation of soluble CD26 dictates the impact of the timing of cord blood transplantation on acute graft-versus-host disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68958-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design. Three doses of Sitagliptin (30 mg/kg, DPPIV inhibitor) or an equal volume of PBS were intraperitoneally given to ZT5 mice before human cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CBMCs) infusions. b Representative images of PBS-treated (top) and Sitagliptin-treated (bottom) ZT5 recipients showing phenotypic differences on day 21 after CBT. c – e aGVHD scores ( c , P = 0.003), survival rates ( d , P = 0.030) and body weights ( e , P = 0.624) of recipients posttransplantation ( n = 8 mice for the control group; n = 5 for the Sitagliptin group). f , g Histopathologic analysis of liver, lung, spleen and colon sections on day 21 after CBT. Representative H&E-stained images ( f ) and quantification results ( g ) ( n = 24-30 images from 4-6 mice per group) Two-sided unpaired t-tests were used for comparisons. The exact P values were: P < 0.001 for liver, lung, and spleen; P = 0.850 for colon. h – k The infiltration of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in liver, lung, spleen and colon sections on day 21 after transplantation. Representative immunohistochemistry images and quantification results of staining with anti-human CD4 ( h , i ) or CD8 ( j , k ) polyclonal antibodies ( n = 3 mice per group; 24 fields of view were analyzed per organ). For CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, statistical comparisons yielded P < 0.001 for liver and lung, P = 0.002 for spleen, and P = 0.285 for colon; For CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, statistical comparisons yielded P < 0.001 for liver, lung and spleen, and P > 0.999 for colon. AOD, average optical density. Scale bars, 100 μm. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs and were analyzed by unpaired t tests followed by Bonferroni-Dunn correction ( g , i and k ), two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc correction ( c and e ), and the log-rank test ( d ). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: In the experimental groups, recombinant human CD26/DPPIV protein (1000 ng/mL, 11244-SE, R&D Systems) or Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (DPPIV inhibitor, 200 μg/mL, S4002, Selleck) was added to the respective groups.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control, Staining, Transplantation Assay, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circadian fluctuation of soluble CD26 dictates the impact of the timing of cord blood transplantation on acute graft-versus-host disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68958-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: PBMCs from healthy donors were cultured with PHA-L (control group), PHA-L plus CD26/DPPIV (sCD26 group), or PHA-L plus Sitagliptin (DPPIV inhibitor, DPPIVi group) for 72 h. a Experimental design. PBMCs from healthy donors were cultured with PHA-L (control group), PHA-L plus CD26/DPPIV (sCD26 group), or PHA-L plus Sitagliptin (DPPIV inhibitor, DPPIVi group) for 72 h. b , c Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of CD86 + ( b ) and CD80 + ( c ) CD14 + cells after 72 h of PBMCs coculture in different groups (pooled data from 8 healthy donors across four independent experiments). d – i Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of Ki-67 + , IFNγ + , and CD38 + cells among CD4 + T cells ( d , f , h ) and CD8 + T cells ( e , g , i ) after 72 h of PBMCs coculture in different groups (pooled data from 6 healthy donors across three independent experiments).The data are presented as the means ± SEMs and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons ( b – i ). All P values are two-sided and reported as exact values unless <0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: In the experimental groups, recombinant human CD26/DPPIV protein (1000 ng/mL, 11244-SE, R&D Systems) or Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (DPPIV inhibitor, 200 μg/mL, S4002, Selleck) was added to the respective groups.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circadian fluctuation of soluble CD26 dictates the impact of the timing of cord blood transplantation on acute graft-versus-host disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68958-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design. CellTrace TM Violet (CTV)-labeled human PBMCs were cocultured with irradiated allogeneic PBMCs in the presence of recombinant human sCD26/DPPIV protein (sCD26,1000 ng/ml) or Sitagliptin (200 μg/ml) for 96 h. b , c Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of cell proliferation in CD4⁺ ( b ) and CD8⁺ ( c ) T cells after 96 h of coculture. d , e Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of IFNγ production in CD4⁺ ( d ) and CD8⁺ ( e ) T cells after 96 h of coculture. f , g Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of CD38 expression in CD4⁺ ( f ) and CD8⁺ ( g ) T cells after 96 h of coculture. The data were pooled from three independent experiments. The data are presented as means ± SEMs. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction ( b – g ). All P values are two-sided and reported as exact values unless <0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: In the experimental groups, recombinant human CD26/DPPIV protein (1000 ng/mL, 11244-SE, R&D Systems) or Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (DPPIV inhibitor, 200 μg/mL, S4002, Selleck) was added to the respective groups.

Techniques: Labeling, Irradiation, Recombinant, Expressing

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of diabetes and sitagliptin on body weight in rats over a 30-day treatment period ( n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. Day-1 in Control; ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 vs. Day 1 in SITG10; $ p < 0.05 vs. Day 1 in T2DM + SITG30.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sitagliptin on blood glucose levels in diabetes-induced rats ( n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. Day 1 in T2DM + SITG10; ### p < 0.001 vs. Day 1 in T2DM + SITG30.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques:

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sitagliptin on plasma insulin levels in diabetes-induced rats ( n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001 vs. Control; ### p < 0.001 vs. T2DM.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sitagliptin on enzyme activity in the brains of diabetes-induced rats ( n = 6): ( A ) AChE , ( B ) BACE-1 , ( C ) DPP-4 , and ( D ) GSK-3β . Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001 vs. Control; ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 vs. T2DM.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sitagliptin on inflammatory markers in the brains of diabetes-induced rats ( n = 6): ( A ) COX-2 , ( B ) PGE2, ( C ) TNF-α, and ( D ) NF-κB. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 vs. Control; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. T2DM.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sitagliptin on oxidative and antioxidant markers in the brains of diabetes-induced rats ( n = 6): ( A ) MDA, ( B ) GSH, and ( C ) Catalase. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. Control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 vs. T2DM; $$ p < 0.01 vs. T2DM + SITG10.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: In Vivo and Computational Studies on Sitagliptin’s Neuroprotective Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sitagliptin on apoptotic proteins in the brains of diabetes-induced rats ( n = 6): ( A ) Bcl-2, ( B ) BAX, and ( C ) Caspace-3. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. Control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 vs. T2DM.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SITG, Cat. No.: A323507), streptozotocin (STZ, Cat. No.: A667625), and nicotinamide hydrochloride (NICO; Cat. No.: A1671233) were purchased from Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA.

Techniques: Control